Abbreviations 3-UTR: 3-Untranslated region AAV: Adeno-associated virus AKT: Protein kinase B AMI: Acute myocardial infarction Ang II: Angiotensin II ANP: Atrial natriuretic peptide AS: Ankylosing spondylitis ASK1: Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide BUN: Blood urea nitrogen CD: Crohns disease CDAA: Choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined CHD: Coronary heart disease CIA: Collagen-induced arthritis CIDEA: Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A CIDEC: Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector C cKO: Conditional knockout CYP4A: Cytochrome P450 4A dKO: Double knockout DSP: Dual-specificity phosphatase (used for family name) DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium DUSP: Dual-specificity phosphatase (used for subgroup name) EAE: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis EMT: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition ERK: Extracellular regulated kinase FAK: Focal adhesion kinase G6Pase: Glucose 6-phosphatase GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1 GWAS: Genome-wide association study H/R: Hypoxia/reoxygenation HDAC3: Histone deacetylase 3 HDL: High-density lipoprotein HFD: High-fat diet HFHC: High-fat-high-cholesterol HUVEC: Human umbilical vein endothelial cell I/R: Ischemia/reperfusion IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1 IRS-1: Insulin receptor substrate 1 JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinase KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes KIM: Kinase-interacting motif KO: Knockout LN: Lupus nephritis LPS: Lipopolysaccharide MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase MAS: Multiple autoimmune syndrome MI: Myocardial infarction MKP: MAP kinase phosphatase MTM: Myotubularin NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NRVM: Neonatal rat ventricular myocyte OPG: Osteoprotegerin PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell PGC-1: PPAR- coactivator 1 PI3K: Phosphoinositide-3-kinase PTP: Protein tyrosine phosphatase RA: Rheumatoid arthritis S1P: Sphingosine-1-phosphate scRNA-seq: Single-cell RNA sequencing SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism SS: Sjgren's syndrome SSH: Slingshot T2D: Type 2 diabetes TAK1: TGF--activated kinase 1 UC: Ulcerative colitis VCAM-1: Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 -MHC: -Myosin heavy chain References Jeong DG, Wei CH, Ku B, Jeon TJ, Chien PN, Kim JK, et al
Sources Hospital for Special Surgery
Guo H, Jing L, Xia C, Zhu Y, Xie Y, Ma X
Cobalamin is very safe and overdose has never been reported in any species
Treating crows feet could require a similar number of units, thus incurring a comparable cost
Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics
